THE GALATHEIDEA (CRUSTACEA ANOMURA) OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION WITH A REVIEW OF THE PORCELLANIDAE OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC Plate 1 By JANET HAIG The University of Southern California Publications Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition Report Number 8 Issued July 9, 1956 Price 90 Cents The University of Southern California Press Los Angeles, California THE GALATHEIDEA (CRUSTACEA ANOMURA) OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION WITH A REVIEW OF THE PORCELLANIDAE OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC By Janet Haig INTRODUCTION During its cruise into Caribbean waters in April, 1939, the Velero III under the command of Captain Allan Hancock amassed a large collection of anomuran Crustacea. The Galatheidea, which are the subject of the present report, are represented in this collection by three species of the family Galatheidae and 23 of the family Porcellanidae. All of them were taken in the littoral or at depths not exceeding 41 fathoms. It is interesting to compare the Galatheidea collected in the Caribbean by the Atlantis in the same and preceding year, from 150 to over 1600 fathoms (Chace, 1942). From that expedition the Chiro- stylidae and Galatheidae were represented by 48 species, and the Por- cellanidae by a single deep-water form. In addition to the Velero III material, a few specimens from south- ern Florida are included in this report. They were collected by L. A. Burry in 1945, J. S. Garth in 1946, and L. O. Miles in 1949-50, and are now housed in the Hancock Foundation. All but the 1950 collecting stations were assigned Hancock station numbers. Also included is a porcellanid collected in Santa Marta, Colombia, by I. Vigeland on his return to Europe from Chile where he took part in the Lund University Chile Expedition of 1948-49. The specimen has been returned along with the other Anomura from this expedition, all of which were examined by the writer. For the geographical account and station records of the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition of 1939, the reader is referred to Garth (1945). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author particularly wishes to express her appreciation to Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., who loaned considerable material from the U. S. National Museum for comparative purposes and made many helpful suggestions. Dr. John S. Garth of the Hancock Foundation read the [1] I ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT manuscript and offered encouragement and advice. Dr. Alceu Lemos de Castro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, provided information on a Brazilian crab. Mr. W. I. Follett of the California Academy of Sciences advised the author on certain problems of nomenclature. The illustra- tions of Pachycheles chacei are the work of Glennis Sayers, Hancock Foundation staff artist. Finally, thanks are due to the administration of the Hancock Foundation for permission to undertake and time to complete this report. Galatheidae GALATHEA Fabricius, 1793 Galathea rostrata A. Milne Edwards Galathea rostrata A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 47 (type locality, Blake Sta. 39, 16 mi NW of Islas Jolbos). A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 252, text-fig. 1; 1897, p. 14, pi. 1, figs. 1-5. Benedict, 1902, p. 303. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 402, pi. 29, fig. 4. Chace, 1942, p. 30. Previous records. — North Carolina, vicinity of Beaufort, 14 fms: Fish Hawk (Hay and Shore). Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, 13-50 fms: Bache (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897) ; 16 mi NW of Islas Jolbos [N of Yuca- tan], 14 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edvi^ards). Incertae sedis, off Touton, 12-18 fms: (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Material exa?nined. — A73-45. 1% mi ENE of Hillsboro Light, Florida; June 5, 1945; 21 fms; coll. L. A. Burry. l$ov. Measurements. — The single specimen measured 4.0 mm. Remarks. — Chace (1942, p. 30) listed the main characters separating Galathea rostrata from G. agassizi A. Milne Edwards, the only other western Atlantic member of the genus. MUNIDA Leach, 1820 Munida pusilla Benedict Munida pusilla Benedict, 1902, p. 268, text-fig. 16 (type locality. Alba- tross Sta. 2405, Gulf of Mexico off Florida). Chace, 1942, p. 33. Previous records. — Florida, off S end, 56 fms : Albatross. Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, 24- 30 fms, and N of Yucatan, 24 fms : Albatross. New Providence Island. Off Venezuela, 73 fms: Albatross. (All records by Benedict) NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 3 Material examined. — A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia ; Apr. 8, 1939 ; 21-22 fms. Icf. Measurements. — The single male specimen in the collection meas- ured 8.8 mm. Munida irrasa A. Milne Edwards Munida irrasa A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 49 (type localities, Blake Stas. 32, 36, 50, 132, 192, 232, 241, 253, 272, and 276). Benedict, 1902, pp. 251, 310. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 402, pi. 28, fig. 8. Chace, 1942, pp. 33, 46. Munida cariboea A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 49. Munida carihaea A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 256; 1897, p. 25, pi. 1, figs. 16-20; pi. 2, fig. 1. Young, 1900, p. 403. Previous records. — North Carolina, 23 mi off Cape Lookout, 47 and 66 fms: Fish Hawk (Hay and Shore). Florida, Sombrero Key, 72 fms, and Sand Key, 80- 128 fms: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Gulf of Mexico, 26°3rN x 85°53' W [off Florida], 119 fms, 23°32'N x 88°05'W, 95 fms, and 23°13'N x 89°16'W [N of Yucatan], 84 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). 21°14'N, 100 fms: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Cuba, 180-260 fms: Atlantis (Chace). St. Croix, 115 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Dominica, 138 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). St. Lucia, 116 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). St. Vincent, 88 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Barbados, 76-94 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards); 100 fms: Hassler (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Carriacou, 163 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Grenada, 92 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Material examined. — A79-45. 4.5 mi NE of Hillsboro Light, Florida; June 9, 1945; 108- 116 fms; coll. L. A. Burrj^ 2$ov. A74-45. 3 mi NE x E of Hillsboro Light, Florida; June 5, 1945 ; 67- 83 fms; coll. L. A. Burry. 2c?. A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr 8, 1939; 21-22 fms. 15d', 9? (7 ov), 2 fragmented specimens. A43-39. 7 mi N of Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 21, 1939; 40-41 fms. Id', 5? (3ov). Measurements. — Males, 5.9 to 15.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.8 to 10.4 mm; ovigerous females, 7.1 to 14.6 mm. 4 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Remarks. — The known bathymetric range of this species is 30-260 fathoms, according to Chace ( 1942). A number of Velero III specimens were taken from water as shallow as 21 fathoms, A few of the indi- viduals had a carapace length somewhat greater than the maximum given by Chace. Munida angulata Benedict Munida angulata Benedict, 1902, p. 252, text-fig. 4 (type locality, Albatross Sta. 2406, Gulf of Mexico off Florida). Chace, 1942, p. 33. Previous records. — Gulf of Mexico off Florida, 24-27 fms: Albatross (Benedict). Material examined. — A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr 8, 1939; 21-22 fms. 2 c?, 7$ov. A18-39. 8 mi SW of Sint Nicolaas Baai, Aruba; Apr 10, 1939; 23-24 fms. 23 cT, 24? (13 ov). A44-39. 4 mi N of Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 21, 1939; 21-22 fms. 12cf, 8? (6ov). Measurements. — Males, 3.2 to 7.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9 to 7.4 mm ; ovigerous females, 4.7 to 7.5 mm. Porcellanidae Distribution From preliminary identifications of the Porcellanidae collected during the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, it soon became apparent that nearly every species known from the Caribbean region was repre- sented. Therefore it was decided to include all the Caribbean species in this report. Actually, every porcellanid known from the western North Atlantic is to be found in the area of the Caribbean or eastern Gulf of Mexico, and most of them seem to have their center of distribution in this region. Several are common as far north as Beaufort, North Carolina. Only three species have ranges extending northward into cold water. Petrolisthes armatus was taken once in Long Island Sound, and Poly- onyx gibbesi (new name for Poly onyx macrocheles (Gibbes) ; see p. 29) is known as far north as Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Crab lai-vae are carried by the Gulf Stream to the shores of New England, where most do not survive the cold winters (Faxon, 1897); the occurrence NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 5 there of adult Petrolisthes armatus was probably accidental, but Poly- onyx gibbesi appears to be well established in the New England area, probably because of the protection afforded by Chaetopterus tubes. The third species, Porcellana sigsbeiana, which has been taken oliE Massachu- setts, is an archibenthal form and thus would be acclimated to cold water in all parts of its range. Several western North Atlantic porcellanids range into southern Brazil, and there are very few known Brazilian forms which do not also occur in the Caribbean. However, the anomuran fauna of the west- ern South Atlantic is still inadequately known, and it was thought inadvisable to expand the scope of this report to include Porcellanidae which have been recorded from this area only. Five tropical Atlantic porcellanids also occur in the Pacific. Petro- listhes tridentatus, P. galathinus, and Megalobrachiu?n poeyi are known there from very few records, while Petrolisthes armatus and P. ?nargin- atus appear, on the basis of present knowledge, to have more extensive ranges in the Pacific than in the Atlantic. Much remains to be learned of the distribution of the western North Atlantic Porcellanidae. Certain areas have not been well explored; records are completely lacking for the region between Trinidad and Mamanguape, including the Guianas and the entire northern coast of Brazil, and are scanty for the western Gulf of Mexico and for the Central and South American mainland bordering the Caribbean Sea. Systematics As Chace (1942, p. 99) has pointed out, the porcellanid genera are greatly in need of revision on a world-wide basis. The huge conglomerate lumped together in Petrolisthes contains many aberrant forms and, as Chace suggests, should probably be subdivided. Pisosoma is not a well- defined group and there are several species which exhibit characters of both this genus and Petrolisthes (Ortmann, 1897, p. 295). Although Porcellanopsis and Megalobrachium as interpreted by Chace (1942, pp. 99-101) are quite distinct as far as their western Atlantic members are concerned, examination of some Pacific coast forms leads the present writer to believe that their generic limits will have to be modified to some extent. In this report, Pisosoma riisei Stimpson is transferred to Pachycheles, Petrolisthes jugosus Streets to Pisosoma, and Porcellana rosea Rathbun to Porcellanopsis. The three species seem to fit more satisfactorily into these genera as defined in Chace's key (1942, pp. 100-101), on which the following key to the western Atlantic genera is based. 6 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Key TO THE Western Atlantic Genera (After Chace, 1942) 1. Form elongate, "hippa"-like ; telson much longer than broad; movable portion of antenna removed from orbit by pro- longation of basal segment, but frequently obscurely so Euceramus Form less elongate; telson usually broader than long, never much longer than broad 2 2. Lateral wall of carapace broken up into two or more pieces, separated by membranous interspaces; front triangular or transverse in dorsal view, never with projecting teeth; carapace more or less subquadrate; chelipeds very robust and thick Pachycheles Lateral wall of carapace nearly always entire; if not, the front distinctly tridentate in dorsal view 3 3. Basal antennal segment small, not joining margin of carapace, so that movable segments have free access to orbit . . 4 Basal antennal segment strongly produced forward and broadly in contact with margin of carapace, so that movable por- tion is far removed from orbit 5 4. Front not prominent in dorsal view, either feebly convex or faintly trilobate; carpus of chelipeds thick and usually heavily sculptured; hand thick . . . Pisosoma Front rather prominent in dorsal view, usually roughly tri- angular; chelipeds depressed and usually not heavily sculptured Petrolisthes 5. Dactyls of ambulatory legs ending in a simple spine, usually with small, movable accessory spinules on lower margin 6 Dactyls of ambulatory legs armed with from two to four strong, fixed spines; carapace distinctly broader than long Polyonyx 6. Front strongly tridentate in dorsal view; carapace usually longer than broad ; chelipeds not robust or grossly sculp- tured 7 Front trilobate or simply triangular in dorsal view; carapace usually broader than long; chelipeds thick and grossly sculptured 8 7. Carapace elongate, about one-fourth longer than broad ; a strong spine on lateral margin . . . Minyocerus NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 7 Carapace only slightly longer than broad; at most a spine- tipped lobe on lateral margin at epibranchial angle . . Porcellana 8. Front feebly trilobate in frontal view; chelipeds and ambula- tory legs not nodular, but chela, at least, is granular and longitudinally ridged .... Megalobrachium Front strongly tridentate in frontal view; chelipeds and carpus and propodus of ambulatory legs decorated with tuber- culate or granular nodules . . . Porcellanopsis EUGERAMUS Stimpson, 1860 Euceramus praelongus Stimpson Euceramus praelongus Stimpson, 1860, pp. 444, 445 (type locality, Beaufort, North Carolina). Kingsley, 1878, p. 325; 1880, p. 408. Benedict, 1901, p. 138, pi. 3, fig. 12. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 405, pi. 29, fig. 3. Glassell, 1938, p. 426. Peai^e et al., 1942, p. 185. Previous records. — North Carolina, Beaufort, 4-8 fms: W. Stimpson and T. Gill (Stimp- son) ; Beaufort, 7 fms: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880); off Bird Shoal and Shackleford Bank: (Pearse et al.) ; Lookout Bight: Fish Hawk (Hay and Shore). South Carolina, Charleston: (Glassell). Florida, off W coast, 3 fms: Fish Hawk (Glassell) ; Sarasota Bay and Florida Bay: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880). Material examined. — None. Remarks. — This rare species is known to a depth of 8 fathoms. PAGHYGHELES Stimpson, 1858 Key TO THE Western North Atlantic Species 1. Telson of abdomen with 7 plates. Chelipeds finely granulate and sometimes covered with a pile of soft hairs . serratus Telson of abdomen with 5 plates 2 2. Chelipeds naked and completely covered with fine granules chacei Chelipeds not as above 3 3. Chelipeds thickly covered with stiff bristles . . pilosus No stiff bristles on chelipeds 4 4. Chelipeds smooth except for rugosity on outer margin of carpus riisei Chelipeds rough over entire surface 5 8 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT 5. Chelipeds with high longitudinal ridges, in between which are rows of deep pits rugi?nanus Chelipeds with longitudinal rows of large flattened tubercles 6 6. Fingers of chelipeds not gaping nor full of pubescence; space between tubercles of chelipeds glabrous or nearly so; tubercles low, rows irregular .... ackleianus Fingers of major cheliped gaping and full of pubescence; space between tubercles filled with pubescence; tubercles heavy, in regular rows monilifer Pachycheles serratus (Benedict) Pisosoma serrata Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pi. 3, fig. 7 (type locality, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico). Pachycheles serrata Schmkt, 1935, pp. 184, 185 (part). Previous records. — Puerto Rico, Mayaguez: Fish Hawk (Benedict). St. Thomas: (Schmitt). Material examined. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. Id, l?ov. A57-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 27, 1939; shore. 2c?. MeasureTJients. — Males, 5.0 to 5.4 mm; ovigerous female, 6.0 mm. Remarks. — Pachycheles serratus is very similar in appearance to P. chacei, described in this paper; the only trenchant difference is the occurrence of seven plates in the telson of the abdomen of P. serratus, and only five in that of P. chacei. This character is not mentioned in Benedict's brief description of Pisosoma serrata or apparent from his illustration of the animal's dorsal surface, and consequently it was difficult to determine whether Benedict's species was the seven- or the five-plated form. According to Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Benedict's type material cannot be located in the U. S. National Museum's collec- tions. Nevertheless, the writer feels that P. serratus can be safely assumed to be the form with the seven-plated telson. This opinion is based on the following characters, derived from Benedict's illustration and/or men- tioned in his description, which apply only to specimens having the seven- plated telson: a, the orbits are deeper and more rounded than in P. chacei; b, the arrangement of the carpal teeth is slightly different; c, the granules in the middle of the carpus are depressed ; d, there is a crest on the manus of both chelipeds ; e, there is no tooth on the cutting edge of the movable dactyl of the major cheliped ; /, the walking legs are NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 9 more hairy than in P. chacei. These differences were apparent in all the material examined, including the four examples collected by Velero III and twelve borrowed from the U. S. National Museum. All the material examined had traces, at least, of hair on the manus, and in some specimens the manus was covered with a thick pile of fine hairs. This character was not mentioned by Benedict and is not evident from his illustration, which was apparently made from a specimen with- out a distinct pile of hairs. The only other western Atlantic Pachycheles in which the telson of the abdomen has seven plates seems to be P. greeleyi (Rathbun), known at present only from Brazil. The latter species resembles both P. serra- tus and P. chacei in having granulate chelipeds and a similar arrange- ment of teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus, but is unlike them in several respects: it is more coarsely granulate, has a more rugose carapace and walking legs, and differs in the shape of the fingers and the size and arrangement of the teeth on their cutting edges. Pachycheles chacei, new species Plate 1 Pachycheles serrata Schmitt, 1935, pp. 184, 185 (part). Not P. serratus (Benedict). Holotype. — Ovigerous female, AHF 3917, from Sta. A50-39, Bahia Caledonia, Panama, Apr 26, 1939, shore, collected by Velero III. Paratypes. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 2c?, 2$ov. Cartagena, Colombia; Colegio de "San Pedro Apostal." 2cf, l?ov. (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 53413.) Measurements. — Length of holotype, 3.7 mm; width, 4.1 mm. Length of paratypes: males, 3.1 to 4.4 mm; ovigerous females, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Diagnosis. — Chelipeds entirely covered with granules, devoid of hairs. Carpus with a row of about eight teeth on anterior margin. Telson of abdomen with five plates. Description. — Carapace slightly broader than long, subquadrate, the regions not distinct ; faintly squamose on lateral and posterior mar- gins, otherwise smooth ; devoid of hairs. Front narrow, faintly convex in dorsal view. Orbits rather shallow; inner orbital angle nearly rec- tangular, outer orbital angle only slightly projecting. Lateral wall of carapace lightly rugose ; posterior portion divided into one large and two small pieces, separated by membranous interspaces. Merus of outer maxillipeds smooth or lightly punctate. 10 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Chelipeds robust, unequal, devoid of hairs. Merus rugose on dorsal and smooth on ventral surface; a projection on distal half of anterior margin, covered with rough granules. Carpus covered on dorsal surface with coarse granules, which are larger toward outer margin; nearly smooth on ventral surface; anterior margin thin and raised into a crest, along which is a row of about five to eight pointed or rounded teeth, the proximal ones crowded closer together. Manus of major cheliped thick, heavy, without a crest on outer margin ; completely and evenly covered with large, coarse granules, which are more flattened on the ventral surface; fixed dactyl with about four large, low teeth on cutting edge, the proximal one the largest; movable dactyl with a large projecting tooth at proximal end of cutting edge, followed by about four low teeth. Manus of minor cheliped without a crest on outer margin ; completely and evenly covered with coarse granules, smaller than those on manus of major cheliped; granules more flattened on ventral surface; dactyls with tips crossing; cutting edge of movable dactyl with a large, pro- jecting tooth followed by a row of about six to nine low teeth, finely serrate on edges ; cutting edges of fixed dactyl with a row of about nine similar teeth. Walking legs very faintly rugose, almost devoid of hairs. Lower surface of propodus with three small spines at distal and one near prox- imal end. Lower surface of dactyl with a row of three small spines. Telson of abdomen with five plates. Remarks. — Schmitt (1935) included Cartagena, Colombia, among known localities for Pachycheles serratus (Benedict). This record was based on material of P. chacei in the U. S. National Museum; the specimens were examined by the writer and are here designated para- types. Pachycheles chacei is similar in general appearance to only two other western north Atlantic porcellanids, Pisosoma angustifrons Benedict and Pachycheles serratus (Benedict). From Pisosoma angustifrons it may be distinguished immediately by the generic character of the divided side walls of the carapace. It is close to Pachycheles serratus but differs in several respects: there are five plates in the telson of the abdomen, in- stead of seven ; the orbits are somewhat shallower and less rounded than in P. serratus, and the front is narrower in proportion to the carapace width; the carapace is devoid of hairs, whereas in P. serratus it is sparsely hain,^ especially on the frontal region ; the chelipeds are also devoid of hairs, instead of being sparsely or thickly hairy; the teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus are not divided by three notches into NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 1 1 groups, as in P. serratus, but are more or less evenly distributed ; the granules in the middle of the carpus are not depressed ; the outer side of the manus of both chelipeds is rounded, without any trace of a crest ; the movable dactyl of the major cheliped has a large projecting tooth at the proximal end of the cutting edge, which is lacking in P. serratus; the merus of the outer maxillipeds is smooth or faintly punctate, whereas it is lightly rugose in P. serratus ; and the walking legs are much less hairy than in P. serratus. The species is named for Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Pachycheles pilosus (Milne Edwards) Porcellana pilosa Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 255 (type locality, vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina). White, 1847, p. 64. Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Kingsley, 1880, p. 406. Benedict, 1901, p. 137, pi. 3, fig. 11. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 294. IPachycheles panamensis Ortmann, 1897, p. 293. Rankin, 1898, p. 237. Not P. panamensis Faxon. Pachycheles pilosus Schmitt, 1924a, p. 76; 1924b, p. 90; 1935, pp. 183, 184; 1936, p. 375. Monod, 1939, p. 559. Previous records. — South Carolina, vicinity of Charleston: (Milne Edwards). Florida, Sarasota Bay and Key West: H. E. Webster (Kingsley). West Indies: Scrivener (White). ? Bahamas: (Ortmann); Salt Cay: Northrop (Rankin). Puerto Rico: Fish Haiuk (Benedict); Punta Ballena and Guayanilla Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Guadaloupe: R. Lami (Monod). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Aruba: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1942a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Material examined. — A16-39. Punt Basora, Aruba; Apr 10, 1939 ; shore. l?ov. A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island ; Apr 20, 1939 ; shore. 7 cT , 6$ov. Measurements. — Males, 4.8 to 7.1 mm; ovigerous females, 4.9 to 7.2 mm. Remarks. — Pachycheles pilosus has been taken in corals. It is known to a depth of 4 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935). Specimens from the Bahamas identified by Ortmann (1897) as Pachycheles panamensis Faxon should probably be referred to P. pilosus, the only western north Atlantic form that resembles Faxon's species. Aside from Ortmann's record (based on the same specimens as Rankin, 1898), P. panamensis has been reported only from the Pacific coast. 12 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson), n. comb. Pisosoma riisei Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 {nomen nudum); 1859, p, 75 (type locality, St. Thomas). Rathbun, 1900, p. 146. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 89; 1935, p. 188, text-fig. 48. Pisosoma glabra Kingsley, 1880, p. 406, pi. 14, fig. 2 (type locality. Key West, Florida). Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pi. 3, fig. 5. Pisisoma riisei Ortmann, 1897, p. 295. Pisisoma glabra Ortmann, 1897, p. 295, Pisosoma riisei? Nobili, 1898, p. 2. Pisosoma reisei Young, 1900, p. 395. Pisosoma risei Moreira, 1920, pp. 128, 132. Previous records. — Florida, Key West: H. E. Webster (Kingsley). Puerto Rico: Fish Hawk (Benedict). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859); P. Duchassaing de Fonbressin (Nobili). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados- Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b), Brazil, Maceio, Alagoas: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; Ilha Trindade: Barroso (Moreira). Material examined. — None from the Hancock collections. Remarks. — In the opinion of the writer, who examined specimens loaned by the U. S. National Museum, this species belongs in the genus Pachycheles rather than in Pisosoma where it has always been placed. The side walls of the carapace are subdivided, as in all members of the genus Pachycheles. It is very close to Pachycheles biocellatus (Locking- ton ) of the west coast. This crab occurs in the littoral, and has been taken from coral heads. Pachycheles rugimanus A, Milne Edwards Pachycheles rugimanus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 36 (type localities, Contoy and W of Florida). Benedict, 1901, p. 136, pi. 3, fig. 9. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 404, pi. 29, fig. 2. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 296, pi. 4, fig, 3, Schmitt, 1935, p. 184, text-fig, 46, Previous records. — North Carolina, off Beaufort, 14 fms, and off Cape Lookout, 47 fms: Fish Hawk (Hay and Shore). Florida, 13 fms: Bache (A. Milne Edwards). Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards). St. Thomas: (Schmitt). Material examined. — None from the Hancock collections. Remarks. — To a depth of 79 fathoms (Schmitt). NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 13 Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards Worcellana parrai Guerin, 1855, pi. 2, fig. 3 (type locality, Cuba) ; 1857a, p. xvi ; 1857b, p. xli, pi. 2, fig. 3. Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 36 (type localities, Blake Sta. 11, off W coast of Florida, and Sta. 39, Jolbos Is- lands). Benedict, 1901, p. 136. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 295, pi. 2, fig. 12; pi. 4, fig. 2. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 90; 1935, p. 184. Pachycheles ackleyanus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 291. IPisosoma angustifrons Boone, 1930, p. 70, pi. 18. Not P. angustifrons Benedict. Previous records. — Florida, Tampa Bay: (Schmitt, 1935); 26°00'N x 82°57'30"W [Gulf of Mexico], 24 fms: Albatross (Benedict) ; 24°43'N x 83°75'W [N of Dry Tortugas], 37 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards) ; ? S of Sand Key off Key West, 20 fms: Ara (Boone). Mexico, Jolbos Islands [N of Yucatan], 14 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). ? Cuba: (Guer- in). Jamaica: (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Material examined. — None from the Hancock collections. Remarks. — Pachycheles ackleianus has been taken from sponges and coral heads ; it is known to a depth of 37 fathoms. Porcellana parrai Guerin from Cuba has not been identified with any of the known Caribbean forms. Since the figure bears some resem- blance to Pachycheles ackleianus, Guerin's species is tentatively placed here. The specimens called Pisosoma angustifrons by Boone (1930) are certainly not that species, judging from the description and figure, and should probably be referred to Pachycheles ackleianus. Pachycheles monilifer (Dana) Porcellana rugosimanus White, 1847, p. 63 (nomen nudum). Porcellana monilifera Dana, 1852, p. 413; 1855, pi. 26, fig. 3 (type locality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Pachycheles ynoniliferus Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Smith, 1869, p. 38. Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 259. Ortmann, 1897, p. 294. Moreira, 1901, pp. 32, 91. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 295, 14 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Pachycheles maniliferus Cano, 1889, p. 97. Pachycheles monilifer Rathbun, 1900, p. 148. Moreira, 1920, p. 126, footnote. Previous records. — Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Brazil, Mamanguape: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; Pernam- buco: Vettor P'lsani (Cano); Pernambuco at Ilha de Nogueira and Boa Viagem, Pernambuco: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; Bahia: (Mor- eira, 1901); Rio de Janeiro: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana); Rio de Janeiro: (Ortmann) ; vicinity of Rio de Janeiro: (Moreira, 1920). Material examined. — A94-46. Outer Hillsboro Reef, Florida; Apr 4, 1946; 0-3 ft; coll. J. S. Garth. \d, l?ov. A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 6d, 4?. A28-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2 fms. 1 young. A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. Id". Measure fuents. — Males, 2.8 to 8.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.4 to 3.6 mm ; ovigerous female, 9.0 mm. Remarks. — This species has been taken in the littoral and to depths of 18 fathoms. Moreira (1920) encountered it among Fucus in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro; the young specimen from St. A28-39 was also taken from algae. The present material is the first reported outside of Brazil, except for the single record of A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier (1923). As the writer has stated elsewhere (Haig, 1955, p. 42), White's Porcellana rugosifnanus (nomen nudum), which was erroneously ascribed to Chile, should be referred to Pachycheles monilifer. PISOSOMA Stimpson, 1858 Key to the Western North Atlantic Species 1. Carpus of chelipeds without longitudinal ridges; chelipeds completely covered with rounded granules . angustifrons Carpus of chelipeds with three rugose, longitudinal ridges 2 2. Teeth on carpus of chelipeds blunt, entire; no longitudinal groove on outer margin of hand; ambulatory legs thickly hairy curacaoense Teeth on carpus of chelipeds pointed, denticulate; outer margin of hand with a longitudinal groove; ambulatory legs sparsely hairy jugosum NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 15 Pisosoma angustifrons Benedict Pisosoma angustifrons Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pi. 3, fig. 6 (type locality, Trinidad). Schmitt, 1924a, p. 74; 1936, p. 374. Monod, 1939, p. 559. Not Boone, 1930, p. 70, pi. 18. Previous records. — Guadaloupe: R. Lami (Monod). Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Trini- dad: Albatross (Benedict). Material examined. — A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. Icf, 2? (1 ov), 14 young. A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 2cf, 5? (4 ov), 7 young. A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. Ic?. Measurements. — Males, 3.2 to 5.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.3 and 5.0 mm; ovigerous females, 3.2 to 7.1 mm; young, to 2.3 mm. Re?narks. — PisosoTua angustifrons has been taken in the littoral, among stones ; it has been found associated with Maeandra and gor- gonian corals, and with the anemone Zoanthus sociatus. Pisosoma curacaoense Schmitt Pisosoma curaqaoensis Schmitt, 1924a, p. 75, pi. 8, figs. 1-3 (type local- ity, Spanish Bay, Curagao) ; 1935, p. 188; 1936, p. 374. Previous records. — Puerto Rico, San Juan Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Material examined. — A16-39. Punt Basora, Aruba; Apr 10, 1939; shore. 35 d", 36? (28 ov). A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. 4cr, 3$ (2 ov). Measurements. — Males, 1.7 to 4.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.3 to 2.6 mm; ovigerous females, 2.0 to 5.8 mm. Remarks. — P. curacaoense has been taken in the littoral, among stones and in colonies of Zoanthus sociatus. Of males in the present material with both chelipeds attached, 26 per cent had a brush of pubescence on the outer surface of the hand of both chelipeds, 52 per cent on one cheliped only, and 22 per cent on 16 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT neither. Of females, 92 per cent had pubescence on both chelipeds, 4 per cent on one, and 4 per cent on neither. This bears out the opinion of Schmitt (1924a) that the possession of pubescence on the hand of both chelipeds is predominantly a female character in this species. Pisosoma jugosum (Streets), n. comb. Petrolisthes jugosus Streets, 1872, p. 134 (type locality. Saint Martin Island). Kingsley, 1880, p. 405. Benedict, 1901, p. 134. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 74; 1924b, p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 186; 1936, p. 374. Petrolisthes (Pisisofna) jugosus Ortmann, 1897, p. 295. Previous records. — Florida, Charlotte Harbor: (Schmitt, 1935) ; Key West: H. E. Web- ster (Kingsley). Puerto Rico, Caballo Blanco and Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict) ; Guayanilla Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: (Benedict). St. Martin: Van Rijgersma (Streets). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Material examined. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. l?ov. A56-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 27, 1939; shoal. 1$. A57-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 27, 1939; shore. Icf. A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curagao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. Icf, l?ov. A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. 8c?, 8? (3 ov). A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. Id', 2? (1 ov). A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 2?ov. Measure?nents. — Males, 1.6 to 3.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.8 to 3.2 mm; ovigerous females, 2.7 to 3.5 mm. Remarks. — Pisosoma jugosum has been found in the littoral, under stones and associated with Zoanthus sociatus and corals including Maeandra. The species is here transferred, with some hesitation, to Pisosoma because it seems to conform more closely to the characters of this genus, having thick, heavily channeled carpi and the front transverse when viewed from above. Ortmann (1897) also placed the species in Pisosoma which, however, he did not consider generically distinct from Petro- listhes. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 1 7 PETROLISTHES Stimpson, 1858 Key to the Western North Atlantic Species (Based on Schmitt, 1935) 1. Carpus of chelipeds entire 2 Carpus toothed on anterior margin 3 2. Front without a distinct lobiform tooth at inner orbital angles ; distal extremity of posterior margin of carpus ending in a blunt angle or low obtuse tooth . . . quadratus Front with a distinct lobiform tooth at inner orbital angles; distal extremity of posterior margin of carpus ending in a sharp spine tridentatus 3. Lateral wall of carapace entire ; front not with 3 equally pro- jecting teeth; telson of abdomen with 7 plates ... 4 Lateral wall of carapace finely broken into pieces ; front with 3 equally projecting teeth; telson of abdomen with 5 plates 9 4. Carpus of chelipeds armed with 3 low, wide-set, spine-tipped teeth 5 Carpus armed with 4 teeth or spines 6 5. Carapace transversely rugose ; epibranchial spine present armatus Surface of carapace more or less smooth, not rugose; no epi- branchial spine politus 6. Carpus armed with 4 projecting spines; lateral margins of carapace armed with a row of small spines; margin of front spinuliferous; carapace rugose . . tortugensis Carpus armed with 4 teeth or lobes; no spines (except epi- branchial spine) on lateral margins of carapace ... 7 7. Carapace very rough with prominent, transverse piliferous rugae galathinus Carapace more or less smooth, without prominent rugae . 8 8. Front triangularly produced, its margin spinuliferous; margins of chelae spinuliferous ; carapace not pubescent . amoenus Front with a median, produced lobe, its margin not spinulifer- ous; carapace pubescent marginatus 9. Orbital margin straight, shallow, oblique; front greatly pro- duced; walking legs not hairy . . . vanderhorsti Orbital margin deeply concave; front not greatly produced; walking legs hairy nodosus 18 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Petrolisthes quadratus Benedict Petrolisthes quadratus Benedict, 1901, p. 134, pi. 3, figs. 4, 4a (type locality, Ponce, Puerto Rico). Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73; 1935, pp. 185, 187. "^Petrolisthes near quadratus Schmitt, 1939, p. 28. Previous records. — Puerto Rico, Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict). ? Isia Vieja Providencia: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt, 1939). Curasao: C. J. van der Hor^t (Schmitt, 1942a). Material examined. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. l$ov. A16-39. Punt Basora, Aruba: Apr 10, 1939; shore. 2cr, 1?, 1 young. A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curasao ; Apr 23, 1939 ; shore. 1?. A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore, l^ov. Measurements. — Males, 3.9 and 4.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.2 and 4.5 mm; ovigerous females, 3.7 and 7.4 mm; young, 2.9 mm. Remarks. — Known from the littoral. The female from Bahia Caledonia differs from the rest of the material examined in having a brush of pubescence on the outer surface of the left hand. The right cheliped is missing. Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 {nomen nudum) ; 1859, p. 75, pi, 1, fig. 4 (type locality, Barbados). Rankin, 1898, p. 238. Young, 1900, p. 394. Benedict, 1901, p. 134, pi. 3, fig. 2. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 291. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 187, text-fig. 47; 1939, p. 28. Previous records. — Bahamas, New Providence Island and Salt Cay: Northrop (Rankin). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859); (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Antigua: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimpson, 1859); Univ. Iowa Barbados- Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Trinidad: (Benedict). Isla Vieja Providencia: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt, 1939). Material examined. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 19ov. A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 1$. A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. Icf. Measure?nents. — Male, 6.5 mm; female, 3.9 mm; ovigerous female, 4.1 mm. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 19 Remarks. — Known from the littoral. This species was reported by Schmitt (1935) from the Pacific, at Isla Taboguilla, Panama. Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes) Porcellana armata Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, Florida) ; 1854, p. 11, pi. 1, fig. 4; Gundlach, 1887, p. 130. Not Dana, 1852, p. 426;1855, pi. 26, fig. 14. Porcellana gundlachii Guerin, 1855, pi. 2, fig. 6 (type locality, Cuba) ; 1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix, pi. 2, fig. 6. Petrolisthes armatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 73. Kingsley, 1880, p. 406. Smith, 1880, p. 266. Henderson, 1888, p. 105. Benedict, 1892, p. 77; 1901, p. 133. Ortmann, 1893, p. 51; 1897, p. 280. Rankin, 1898, p. 238; 1900, p. 533. Rathbun, 1899, pp. 628, 629; 1900, p. 145; 1905, p. 13; 1920, p. 11. Young, 1900, p. 393. Verrill, 1908b, p. 434, pi. 27, fig. 3; pi. 28, fig. 4. Boone, 1930, p. 73, pi. 19. Schmitt, 1935, pp. 185, 186. Hedgpeth, 1950, p. 79. Porcellana leporina Heller, 1862, p. 523 (type locality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) ; 1865, p. 78, pi. 6, fig. 7. Petrolisthes leporinus Smith, 1869, p. 38. Percellana armata Martens, 1872, p. 121, pi. 5, fig. 11. Percellana gundlachi Martens, 1872, p. 122, pi. 5, fig. 12. Petrolisthes similis Henderson, 1888, p. 108 (fide Faxon, 1895, p. 70, footnote). Petrolisthes armata Heilprin, 1888, p. 320. Petrolisthes marginatus Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Not P. marginatus Stimpson. ^Petrolisthes iheringi Ortmann, 1897, p. 286, pi. 17, fig. 3 (type local- ity, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil). Petrolisthes lamarcki var. asiaticus Borradaile, 1898, p. 464 (part). Moreira, 1901, pp. 33, 92 (part). Not P. la?narcki (Leach). Petrolisthes armatus var. pallidus Verrill, 1908a, p. 291 (type locality, Bermuda) ; 1908b, p. 434. "^Porcellana poltta? A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 293, pi. 1, fig. 7. Not Petrolisthes politus (Gray). Previous records. — Connecticut, Stony Creek near New Haven: A. E. Verrill (Smith, 1880). Florida: (Gibbes, 1850); Edgmont Key: (Verrill, 1908b); Sarasota, Charlotte, and Florida Bays: H. E. Webster (Kingsley); Pigeon Key: (Boone); Key West: Packard (Kingsley); Key V/est: (Verrill, 1908b). Texas, Port Aransas: (Hedgpeth). Bermudas: 20 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Challenger (Henderson); A. Heilprin (Heilprin) ; Plankton-Exped. Humboldt-Stiftung (Ortmann, 1893); New York Univ. Exped. (Rankin, 1900). Bahamas: (Ortmann, 1897); Salt Cay: Northrop (Rankin, 1898). Cuba: (Guerin) ; J. Gundlach (Martens); Cape Cruz, 3 fms: Ara (Boone), Jamaica: (Benedict, 1892) ; J. E. Duerden (Rathbun, 1899). Puerto Rico, San Juan: J. Gundlach (Gundlach); San Juan and Bahia Boqueron: Fish Hawk (Benedict, 1901); Ense- nada, between Ensenada and Guanica, Guanica Harbor, S of Islas Cana Gorda, and Guayanilla Playa: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859). Panama: ? Sternbergh and Rowell (Stimpson, 1859); Aspinwall [= Colon]: Rowell (Stimpson, 1859) ; Colon: (Verrill, 1908b). Curagao: J. Boeke (Rathbun, 1920). Brazil, Mamanguape, Rio Goyanna, and Maceio: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun, 1900); Bahia: (Ortmann, 1897); Rio de Janeiro: Novara (Heller, 1862) ; States of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catharina: (Moreira, 1901). Material examined. — All 1-49. Punta Rassa near San Carlos Bay, opposite Sanibel Island, Florida; May 15, 1949; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. Icf, 2? (1 ov). A145-49. Marco Island near channel S of Big Marco Pass, Florida; June 14, 1949; coll. L. O. Miles. 5 d', l$ov. Marco Island, Florida: Sept 15, 1950; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. 4c?, 4$ (2 ov). Taken off "finger sponge" in lagoon. N end of Marco Island, Florida; Sept 16, 1950; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. 76^,6? (2 ov). Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; Sept 23, 1950; coll. L. O. Miles. 5cf, 13? (9ov). A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 2cr. Measurements. — Males, 3.5 to 10.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.0 to 9.2 mm ; ovigerous females, 3.8 to 6.7 mm. Remarks. — Petrolisthes armatus is found among rocks from shore to 5 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935) and is frequently a member of the coral and sponge faunas. This is a species of extremely wide distribution. In the eastern Pacific it ranges from the Gulf of California to northern Peru, includ- ing the Galapagos Islands. In addition, it occurs in the Indo-Pacific along with some closely related species, and there is considerable dis- agreement among various authors as to the status of the Indo-Pacific forms. Ortmann (1897) and Borradaile (1898) are two who discuss this problem. References to Indo-Pacific forms which may apply to P. armatus are not included in the synonymy above. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 21 According to Nobili (1901, p. 12), the specimen earlier identified by him (1897, p. 4) as Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson was actually an anomalous example of P. armatus with four spines on the carpus of the cheliped instead of three. Among specimens from Florida examined in connection with this report, several had an extra carpal spine, usually on one cheliped only. Petrolisthes politus (Gray) Porcellana polka Gray, 1831, p. 14 (type locality not designated). Griffith, 1833, p. 312. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 253. White, 1847, p. 63. Probably not A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 293, pi. l,fig. 7. Porcellaria polita Griffith, 1833, pi. 25, fig. 2. Porcellana magnifica Gibbes, 1850, p. 191 (type locality. Vera Cruz, Mexico) ; 1854, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 3. Petrolisthes politus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 74. Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Schmitt, 1936, p. 374. Monod, 1939, p. 559. Not Stebbing, 1920, p. 261. Petrolisthes magnifica Benedict, 1893, p. 539. Young, 1900, p. 393. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73 ; 1924b, p. 89. Petrolisthes magnificus Rathbun, 1920, p. 11. Petrolisthes polita Schmitt, 1935, pp. 185, 187. Previous records. — Florida Keys: (Rathbun). Mexico, Vera Cruz: (Gibbes, 1850). Puerto Rico, Guanica Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859). Antigua: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Guadaloupe: R. Lami (Monod). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimpson, 1859); W. H. and A. H. Brown (Benedict) ; Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Panama, Colon: E. Festa (Nobili). Curasao: J. Boeke (Rathbun); C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: J. Boeke (Rathbun) ; P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Material examined. — A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curagao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. 16cf, 12? (8 ov). A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. Icf, l$ov. Measurements. — Males, 4.1 to 9.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.9 to 8.1 mm ; ovigerous females, 4.9 to 9.3 mm. Remarks. — The species occurs in the littoral among rocks; up to a depth of 110 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935). 22 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT As noted by Monod (1939), the individual questionably called Porcellana polita by A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier (1923, p. 293, pi. 1, fig. 7) is more likely Petrolisthes armatus because of the presence in their specimen of an epibranchial spine, which is lacking in Petro- listhes politus. Rathbun (1910, p. 600) listed P. politus among species occurring on the Pacific coast, but the only record in the literature which might be construed as Pacific seems to be the general locality "Panama" given by Nobili (1897, p. 4), who had material from the Atlantic side of the isthmus. Petrolisthes tortugensis Glassell Petrolisthes tortugensis Glassell, 1945, p. 228, text-fig. 2 (type locality, in and around Tortugas, Florida). Previous records. — Florida, in and around Tortugas: W. L. Schmitt (Glassell). Material examined. — A44-39. 4 mi N of Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 21, 1939; 21- 22fms. lcr,5?. Measurements. — Male, ca. 4.5 mm (fragmented) ; females, 4.4 to 6.4 mm. Remarks. — Glassell's specimens were collected in Porites coral from low water to 1 1 fathoms. The Velero III material was taken with dead coral at 21 to 22 fathoms, thus doubling the known depth range of the species. The name tortugensis, referring to Tortugas, Florida, remains equal- ly appropriate with the second recovery of the species near Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela. Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc) Porcellana galathina Bosc, 1801 (or 1802), p. 233, pi. 6, fig. 2 (type locality unknown) ; 1830, p. 299, pi. 6, fig. 2. Latreille, 1802 (or 1803), p. 76; 1819, p. 5, pi. MIO, fig. 4. Desmarest, 1825, p. 199. Gray, 1831, p. 14. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 258, foot- note. White, 1847, p. 62. Gibbes, 1854, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 1. Guerin, 1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix. Not Say, 1818, p. 458. Porcellana sexspinosa Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality. Key West, Florida). NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 23 Porcellana boscii? Dana, 1852, p. 421 ; 1855, pi. 26, fig. 11. Not Petro- listhes bosci Savigny. Porcellana danae Gibbes, 1854, p. 11 (new name for Porcellana boscii of Dana). Porcellana egregia Guerin, 1855, pi. 2, fig. 1 (type locality, Cuba) ; 1857b, pi. 2, fig. 1. Petrolisthes sexspinosus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 73. Kingsley, 1880, p. 405. Smith, 1887, p. 638. Benedict, 1892, p. 77; 1901, p. 133. Rathbun, 1900, p. 145. Petrolisthes occidentalis Stimpson, 1859, p. 73 (type locality, Panama). Petrolisthes brasiliensis Smith, 1869, p. 38 (new name for Porcellana boscii of Dana). Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 97. Petrolisthes danae Kingsley, 1880, p. 405, footnote. Ortmann, 1892, p. 264. Petrolisthes bhaziliensis Cano, 1889, p. 257. ^Petrolisthes sp. Benedict, 1892, p. 77 {'^Near sexspinosus"). Petrolisthes galathinus Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Ortmann, 1897, p. 283. Moreira, 1901, pp. 34, 93; 1920, p. 132. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 404, pi. 29, fig. 1. Rathbun, 1920, p. 11. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 289, pi. 1, figs. 1-2. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73; 1924b, p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 186; 1936, p. 374; 1939, p. 28. Boone, 1930, p. 76, pi. 20. Pearse, 1951, p. 143. Not Boone, 1932, p. 45, nor Hult, 1938, p. 10. Petrolisthes galatinus Nobili, 1898, p. 2. "^Petrolisthes f sexspinosus Rathbun, 1899, p. 628. Previous records. — North Carolina, off Cape Hatteras, 16 fms: Albatross (Smith, 1887) ; off New River Inlet and off mouth of Cape Fear River, 6-7 fms : Fish Hawk (Hay and Shore) ; off New River Inlet: L. G. Williams (Pearse). South Carolina: (Gibbes, 1854). Florida, Sarasota Bay, Florida Bay, Harbor Key, and Key West: H. E. Webster (Kingsley) ; Key West: Wurdemann (Gibbes, 1850); Florida Keys: Wurdemann and Whitehurst (Stimpson, 1859). Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). West Indies?: (White). Cuba: (Guer- in) ; Cualeo Reales: (Boone, 1930). Jamaica: (Benedict, 1892) ; J. E. Duerden (Rathbun, 1899). Puerto Rico, San Juan, Mayaguez Harbor, Boqueron, Ensenada Honda, and Caballo Blanco: Fish Hawk (Bene- dict, 1901) ; Parguera, Salinas Cove, Guanica Harbor, Punta Ballena, and Tallaboa: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). Culebra: (Schmitt, 1935). Antilles: (Latreille, 1802-3). St. Thomas: P. Duchassaing de Fonbressin (Nobili, 1898); (Schmitt, 1935). Flan- 24 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT negan Passage [E of St. Thomas], 27 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier), Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Isla Vieja Providencia: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt, 1939). Panama, Colon: E. Festa (Nobili, 1897). Aruba: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Curagao: J. Boeke (Rathbun, 1920) ; C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Brazil: (Ortmann, 1892); Mamanguape: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun, 1900) ; Pernambuco: Vettor Pisani (Cano) ; Boa Viagem, Pernambuco, and Maceio, Alagoas: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun, 1900) ; Bahia: (Moreira, 1901) ; Rio de Janeiro: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana) ; Ilha Trindade: Barroso (Moreira, 1920). Material examined. — Marco Island, Florida; Sept 15, 1950; shore; coll. L, O. Miles. 2cr, 5$ (2 ov). Taken off "finger sponge" in lagoon. N end of Marco Island, Florida; Sept 16, 1950; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. l?ov. Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; Sept 23, 1950; coll. L. O. Miles. Id', 1?. A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. l$ov. A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 2cr, 5?. A35-39. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad; Apr 18, 1939; 1-3 fms. 1?. Measurements. — Males, 3.1 to 7.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.7 to 8.9 mm ; ovigerous females, 5.5 to 8.5 mm. Remarks — PetroUsthes galathinus has been taken to a depth of 27 fathoms, and in the littoral among rocks and in sponges, corals, and colonies of the anemone Zoanthus sociatus. In addition to its extensive range in the Atlantic, the species has been reported from the Pacific side of Panama as PetroUsthes occiden- talis (several authors) and as P. galathinus (Boone, 1931; Schmitt, 1935). Gibbes (1854, pp. 8-10) reviewed the complicated early history of the synonymy of P. galathinus. Guerin-Meneville did the same in the French edition of Sagra's work on Cuba (Guerin, 1857b, pp. xxxix-xli, footnote), although his discussion did not appear in the Spanish edition of the same work. Guerin-Meneville's account reveals that although he was critical of the way in which some of the earlier authors treated the species, he himself was guilty of misstatements and carelessness in citing the work of others. For example, he said that Bosc, in his original description (1801-2), reported the species from the Antilles; but Bosc actually stated "On ignore son pays natal" and it was Latreille (1802- 3) who attributed it to the Antilles. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 25 Bosc (1801-2) named Porcellana galathina on p. 233 but gave its complete description on pp. 231-232 under the general discussion of Porcellana. In the description he stated that the carapace was "couvert de stries transverses" but in the brief diagnosis accompanying the Latin name on p. 233 he said "strie longitudinalement." In the second edition of the same work (1830) an almost identical account appeared, there being only a few minor changes and additions; the full description was on pp. 298-99 and the name and diagnosis on p. 299, where the error in regard to the striations was repeated. Guerin (1857b) criticized Desmarest for suppressing the extensive description of the species in Bosc (1801-2) when preparing the second edition of Bosc's work (1830), and for substituting some erroneous material "by an inconceivable inadvertence, or to avoid research," and assumed that these errors were probably derived from Leach (1820). Actually, as mentioned above, the second edition of Bosc was taken almost word for word from the first (including the portion which Guerin-Meneville stated was omitted). It appears that Guerin-Mene- ville looked at only the general account in the first edition of Bosc, and only the diagnosis in the second edition, before making his ill-considered remarks. Petrolisthes amoenus (Guerin) Porcellana amoena Guerin, 1855, pi. 2, fig. 2 (type locality, Cuba) ; 1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix, pi. 2, fig. 2. IPetrolisthes serratus Henderson, 1888, p. 107, pi. 11, figs. 2, 2a (type locality, of? Bahia, Brazil). Rathbun, 1900, p. 145. Moreira, 1901, pp. 34, 94. Petrolisthes f amoenus Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pi. 3, fig. 3. Petrolisthes amoenus Schmitt, 1924a, p. 74; 1924b, p. 89; 1935, p. 185; 1936, p. 374. Not Boone, 1932, p. 41, text-figs. 11-12. Previous records. — Cuba: (Guerin). Puerto Rico, Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict). Barba- dos: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Brazil, Maceio, Alagoas: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; of? Bahia, 7-20 fms: Challenger (Henderson). Material examined. — A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. Icf, 1?- Measurements. — Male, 4.6 mm; female, 3.9 mm. 26 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Remarks. — Known from shore to 20 fathoms; taken in Pontes and gorgonian coral and in sponges. Rathbun (1900) considered Petrolisthes serratus Henderson to be probably identical with P. amoenus. Boone (1932, p. 41, text-figs. 11-12) reported Petrolisthes amoenus from the Galapagos Islands ; however, her description and figure of an adult do not agree with this species. The writer has seen a note by S. A. Glassell, stating that Boone's specimens belong to one of his undescribed species. Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 {nomen nudum) ; 1859, p. 74 (type locality, Barbados). Young, 1900, p. 394. Benedict, 1901, p. 134, pi. 3, fig. 1. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73; 1924b, p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 187. Not Nobili, 1897, p. 4, fide Nobili, 1901, p. 12. Petrolisthes galathinus Boone, 1932, p. 45 (not text-fig. 13; perhaps not text-fig. 14). Not P. galathinus (Bosc). ^Petrolisthes galathinus Hult, 1938, p. 10. Not P. galathinus (Bosc). Previous records. — Puerto Rico, Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimp- son, 1859) ; Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Material examined. — A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curagao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. l$ov. A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 1 cT. Measurements. — Male, 14.5 mm; ovigerous female, 5.7 mm. Remarks. — This species is littoral and has been taken under stones and in coral heads. In addition to the records given above, Petrolisthes rnarginatus has been reported from the following Pacific localities: Isla Flamenco, Panama, and Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador (Nobili, 1901), and Clipperton Island (Schmitt, 1939). The writer has examined a number of specimens collected by Velero III in Costa Rica, Colombia, Panama, and the Galapagos Islands. In the Crustacea laboratory of the Hancock Foundation is a copy of Boone (1932) originally owned by S. A. Glassell, and with hand- written annotations made by him. According to Glassell's notes, the Galapagos Islands material identified by Boone as Petrolisthes gala- thinus is actually P. marginatus. Boone's description (pp. 46-48) fits NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 27 both the Galapagan and Caribbean specimens of P. marginatus examined by the present writer. The Petrolisthes galathinus reported by Hult (1938) from the Galapagos Islands is probably P. marginatus also. The following color notes were made from the Tobago Island specimen by Mr. Anker Petersen, formerly staff artist of the Hancock Foundation. Terminology is from Ridgway's "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature" (1912) : Carapace dull Van Dyke red. Antennae scarlet, passing into orange towards tips. Eyes reddish brown. Chelae same as carapace but lighter. Tooth ridge of fingers white. Tips of fingers yellow orange. Merus and carpus of walking legs same as carapace but darker. Propodus reddish brown at base but gradually passing into bright scarlet. Dactyl pale scarlet. Entire ventral side dull carmine. Petrolisthes vanderhorsti Schmitt Petrolisthes vanderhorsti Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73 (type locality, Caracas Bay, Curagao) ; 1936, p. 374. Petrolisthes van der horsti Schmitt, 1924a, pi. 8, fig. 7. Previous records. — Curagao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummel- inck (Schmitt, 1936). Material examined. — A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. l$ov. Measurements. — The single specimen examined measured 5.6 mm. Remarks. — Petrolisthes vanderhorsti is known from the littoral, from coral rock and anemones of the genus Macandra. Schmitt (1924a) mentioned the finely broken up lateral walls of the carapace in this species and in P. nodosus, a character which apparently has not been found in any other member of the genus Petrolisthes. Among 31 species of Petrolisthes from the east and west American coasts examined by the writer, only four, including P. vanderhorsti and P. nodosus, had five plates in the telson of the abdomen. The combina- tion of five-plated telson, finely divided lateral walls, and tridentate front might serve to set P. vanderhorsti and P. nodosus apart as a dis- tinct genus or subgenus, should Petrolisthes be subdivided. Petrolisthes nodosus Streets Petrolisthes nodosus Streets, 1872, p. 133 (type locality, Saint Martin Island). Benedict, 1901, p. 134. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73, pi. 8, fig. 8. Petrolisthes (Pisiso?na) nodosus Ortmann, 1897, pp. 295, 296. 28 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Previous records. — St. Martin: Van Rijgersma (Streets). Curasao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt). Material examined. — A20-39, Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. Id" (im- mature), 1 young. A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 1? (im- mature; soft shell). Measurements. — Male, 2.6 mm; female, 2.5 mm; young, 2.1 mm. Remarks. — Known from the littoral, among stones. This appears to be an exceptionally small species. POLYONYX Stimpson, 1858 Polyonyx gibbesi, new name Porcellana macrocheles Gibbes, 1850, p. 191 (type locality, coast of South Carolina) ; 1854, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 5. Polyonyx macrocheles Stimpson, 1858, p. 229; 1871, p. 120. Kingsley, 1880, p. 408. Smith, 1880, p. 266. Ives, 1891, p. 192. Benedict, 1901, p. 138. Rathbun, 1905, p. 14. Enders, 1905, p. 37. Pearse, 1913, p. 102, pi. 1, text-figs. 1, 2a, 3-5. Sumner et al., 1913, p. 669. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 405, pi. 29, fig. 8. Schmitt, 1935, p. 189. Pearse et al., 1942, p. 185. IPorcellana creplinii Miiller, 1862, p. 194, footnote {nomen nudum) ; 1863, p. 47, footnote. IPorcellana (Polyonyx) creplinii Miiller, 1870, p. 54. Porcellana (Polyonyx) ?nacrocheles Faxon, 1879, p. 256, pis. 2-3. Previous records. — Massachusetts, Woods Hole: (Pearse). Rhode Island, Narragansett Bay: W. Faxon (Faxon) ; Newport: A. Agassiz (Faxon). Incertae sedis, Devils Foot Island: D. H. Tennent (Sumner et al.). North Carolina, Beaufort and Shark Shoal: H. E. Webster (Kingsley); Beaufort: (Enders; Hay and Shore); Fort Macon: (Pearse et al.). South Carolina: T, L. Burden (Gibbes, 1850) ; Charleston: (Faxon). Florida, off Manatee River, 9-12 ft: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Exped. (Ives) ; Sarasota Bay: H. E. Webster (Kingsley). Puerto Rico: (Schmitt). Material examined. — A2-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 3, 1939; 1-7 fms. IcT. Measurements. — The single male specimen in the collection was 5.2 mm in length. NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 29 Remarks. — The name macrocheles, long in use for this species, is unfortunately not available, Porcellana macrocheles Gibbes, 1850, being a primary homonym of Porcellana macrocheles Poeppig, 1836 (= Petrolisthes violaceus (Guerin), Chile and Peru). Gibbes himself pointed out (1854, p. 6) that Porcellana macrocheles had already been employed, but he believed that his own use of the name was valid since P. macrocheles Poeppig was a synonym of another species. However, this position is not tenable according to current nomenclatorial practice (1950, Bull Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, p. 119). Mr. W. I. Follett of the California Academy of Sciences kindly verified this fact for the writer. A new name, Polyonyx gibbesi, is here proposed as a substitute. Miiller (1862, p. 194, footnote; 1863, p. 47, footnote), in a dis- cussion of various Brazilian crabs, made the following statement: "Another Porcellana (P. Creplinii, n. sp. ) is still more singular in its mode of life; it resides in pairs in the tube of Chaetopterus pergament- aceus." [Quoted from the 1863 translation.] This description is enough to identify it as a Polyonyx; in a later paper (1870, p. 54) Miiller called it Porcellana (Polyonyx) creplinii and gave further notes on its habits, stating that according to a communication from A. Milne Ed- wards it is close to Polyonyx biunguiculata (Dana). The crab cannot be identified to species from the information available. It is not listed in the catalogues of Brazilian crabs prepared by Smith (1869) and Moreira (1901). Dr. Alceu Lemos de Castro of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, informed the writer {in litt.) that he believes it to be identical with Polyonyx macrocheles (Gibbes), and that he has seen a museum specimen which was collected at Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, Brazil. The observation on the coast of Brazil of "two couples of crabs in the tube of a very long annelid" was noted by van Beneden (1876, p. 20). This may have been Polyonyx gibbesi^ although it is as likely to have been the brachyuran Pinnixa, species of which also occur in Chae- topterus tubes. Crabs of this species are occasionally found living free along shore and in shallow water, under stones or on sand ; the Velero III specimen was taken in 1-7 fathoms on a mud and fine sand bottom. Usually, how- ever, they occur in tubes of annelids of the genus Chaetopterus. This commensal relationship has been reported for several other Polyonyx species in various parts of the world. The habits and behavior of P. gibbesi wtrt dascw&std by Enders (1905) and Pearse (1913). Although it is primarily a warm-water form, the species appears to be established as far north as Woods Hole, Massachusetts. According to Faxon (1879), who collected and described zoeae from Narragansett 30 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Bay, Rhode Island, larvae of several types of crabs are carried by the Gulf Stream to New England from more southern latitudes, although few species can survive the w^inters farther north. MINYOGERUS Stimpson, 1858 Minyocerus angustus (Dana) Porcellana angusta Dana, 1852, p. 423; 1855, pi. 26, figs. 12a-c (type locality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Minyocerus angustus Stimpson, 1858, p. 229. Smith, 1869, p. 38. Rath- bun, 1900, p. 149. Moreira, 1901, p. 32. Porcellina stellicola Miiller, 1862, p. 194, pi. 7, figs. 1-5 (type locality, Desterro [Florianopolis], Brazil); 1863, p. 47, pi. 1, figs. 1-5. Minyocerus august us Moreira, 1901, p. 91. ^Porcellana rosarnondae Boone, 1930, p. 79, pi. 21 (type locality, Bahia Limon, Panama). Previous records. — ? Panama, Bahia Limon: Ara (Boone). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana); Rio Parahyba: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; State of Santa Catharina: (Moreira); Desterro [Florianopolis]: (Miiller). Material examined. — A29-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2 fms. 2d, 8? (7 ov). Commensal on sea stars, Luidia clathrata (Say). Measurements. — Males, 4.1 and 4.9 mm; non-ovigerous female, 4.9 mm; ovigerous females, 4.0 to 5.1 mm. Remarks. — These specimens agree in every way with Dana's descrip- tion and also with Rathbun's specimen from Rio Parahyba, Brazil, with which they were compared. Only a faint trace remains of the color pattern described by Rathbun and shown in Miiller's illustration of an adult. Miiller (1862, 1863) stated that these crabs live parasitically on some species of sea stars. This relationship, which should be termed commensal rather than parasitic, is noted for the second time with the recovery of the Velero III material from Luidia clathrata (Say). A similar situation was reported by Glassell (1938), who described Minyocerus kirki from Baja California, Mexico, commensal on Luidia Columbia (Gray). Porcellana rosamondae Boone is tentatively placed here, since its description and figure agree in most respects with Minyocerus angustus. The only important differences are that in P. rosamondae the posterior NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 31 portion of the carapace is wider than the anterior portion, and the median tooth of the front is much shorter than the two preorbital ones. The specimen of M. angustus reported by Rathbun (1900) lacked this median tooth entirely, and in her opinion it had been broken off and not renewed. Aside from P. rosamondae, which is probably this species, Minyo- cerus angustus has previously been reported only from Brazil. PORGELLANA Lamarck, 1801 Key TO THE Western North Atlantic Species 1. Median lobe of front rounded, not surpassing internal orbital angles; chelae without hairs; length and breadth of cara- pace about equal stimpsoni Median lobe of front pointed, surpassing internal orbital angles; chelae with a fringe of hairs on outer margin; carapace longer than broad 2 2. Inner angle of carpus of cheliped with a broad lobe ; epibranch- ial angle a low, rounded lobe, sometimes spine-tipped sayana Inner angle of carpus with a low, spine-tipped lobe; epibranch- ial angle with a sharp spine .... sigsbeiana Porcellana sayana (Leach) Porcellana galathina Say, 1818, p. 458. Not Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc). Pisidia sayana Leach, 1820, p. 54 (type localities, Georgia and Florida). Desmarest, 1825, p. 199. Porcellana sayii Gray, 1831, p. 15. Porcellana sayana White, 1847, p. 64. Kingsley, 1880, p. 407. Smith, 1887, p. 638. Henderson, 1888, p. 109. Rankin, 1898, p. 237. Benedict, 1901, p. 137, pi. 3, f^g. 10. Andrews, 1911, p. 402, text-figs. 1-2. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 403, pi. 29, fig. 7. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 291, pi. 1, fig. 3. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 90; 1935, p. 189, text-fig. 49. Hedgpeth, 1950, p. 79. Hildebrand, 1954, p. 271. Porcellana ocellata Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, coast of South Carolina); 1854, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 2. Stimpson, 1858, p. 229; 1859, p. 77; 1860, p. 444. Kingsley, 1878, p. 325. Benedict, 1892, p. 77. 32 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Porcellana sagrai Guerin, 1855, pi. 2, fig. 5 (type locality, Cuba) ; 1857a, p. xvi ; 1857b, p. xxxix, pi. 2, fig. 5. Percellana sagrai Martens, 1872, p. 122. ^Porcellana robertsoni Henderson, 1888, p. Ill, pi. 11, figs. 6, 6a (type locality, Challenger Sta. 24, off Culebra Island). Young, 1900, p. 396. Previous records. — North Carolina, off Cape Hatteras, 11-27 fms: Albatross (Smith); Beaufort: W. Stimpson and T. Gill (Stimpson, 1860) ; Beaufort Harbor and vicinity, and Fort Macon: (Hay and Shore). South Carolina: (Gibbes, 1850). Georgia and Florida: (Say; Leach). Florida, Sarasota Bay: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880); W Florida, 19 fms: Bache (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier) ; Florida Keys: Wurdemann (Stimpson, 1859). Bahamas, New Providence Island: Northrop (Rank- in). Western Gulf of Mexico, Port Aransas, Texas: (Hedgpeth) ; Louisiana, Texas, and northern Mexico: H. H. Hildebrand (Hilde- brand). Mexico, Gulf of Campeche off Alvaro Obregon: (Hilde- brand). Cuba: (Guerin); J. Gundlach (Martens). Jamaica: (Bene- dict, 1892; Andrews). Puerto Rico, Bahia Boqueron, 14^ fms: Fish Hawk (Benedict, 1901); between Cayo Caribe and Cayo Parguera: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). ? Culebra Island, 390 fms: Challenger (Henderson). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859); Challenger (Henderson). Antigua and Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Material exatnined. — A4-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 3, 1939; 8-14 fms. 1?. A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr 8, 1939; 21-22 fms. 2$ov. A24-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; 2-5 fms. 1$. A27-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2-5 fms. 1 cf • A28-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2 fms. 1 cheliped. A32-39. 3 mi N of Isla Coche, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 19-33 fms. 4d, 2?ov. Measurements. — Males, 3.1 to 4.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.0 and 5.4 mm; ovigerous females, 5.1 to 6.3 mm. Remarks. — Porcellana sayana is known from shallow water to 48 fathoms, and to 390 fathoms if P. robertsoni Henderson is this species (Schmitt, 1935). Velero III specimens were recovered from bottoms of mud and shell, sand, and sand and shell. They often live commensally with hermit crabs, particularly Petrochirus bahamensis (Herbst). Hildebrand (1954) found specimens attached to the decorator crab Stenocionops furcata (Olivier). NO. 8 haig: the Atlantic galatheidea 33 Notes on the color of living specimens were given by Hay and Shore (1918) and by Andrews (1911); the latter author found differences in color pattern in the two sexes. Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne Edwards Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 35 (type localities, Blake Stas. 49, off delta of the Mississippi, 118 fms; 36, N of Yucatan, 84 fms; 142, Flannegan Passage [Virgin Islands], 27 fms). Smith, 1883, p. 25. Benedict, 1901, p. 137. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 292, pi. 1, fig. 6. Schmitt, 1935, pp. 189, 190. Chace, 1942, p. 102. Previous records. — Massachusetts, off Marthas Vineyard, 134 fms: Albatross (Smith). North Carolina: (Schmitt). Gulf of Mexico, off delta of the Miss- issippi, 118 fms, and N of Yucatan, 84 fms: Blake (A. Milne Ed- wards). Cuba, 195-215 fms: Atlantis (Chace). Flannegan Passage [Virgin Islands], 27 ims: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Material examined. — None from the Hancock collections. Remarks. — Known from 27 to 215 fathoms. Porcellana stimpsoni A. Milne Edwards Porcellana stimpsoni A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 35 (type locality, Woman Key, Florida). Benedict, 1901, p. 137. A. Milne Ed- wards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 292, pi. 1, figs. 4-5. Previous records. — Florida, Woman Key: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards). Material examined. — None. MEGALOBRAGHIUM Stimpson, 1858 Megalobrachium poeyi (Guerin) Porcellana poeyi Guerin, 1855, pi. 2, fig. 4 (type locality, Cuba) ; 1857a, p. xvi ; 1857b, p. xxxix, pi. 2, fig. 4. Megalobrachium granuliferum Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (nomen nu- dum); 1859, p. 76 (type locality, Barbados and St. Thomas). Benedict, 1892, p. 77. Rathbun, 1899, p. 628. Doflein, 1899, p. 182. Megalobranchium granuliferum Young, 1900, p. 397. Megalobrachium poeyi Benedict, 1901, p. 136, pi. 3, fig. 8. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 297. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 76; 1924b, p. 90; 1935, p. 183, text-fig. 45; 1936, p. 375. 34 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Previous records. — Cuba: (Guerin). Jamaica: (Benedict, 1892); J. E. Duerden (Rath- bun). Puerto Rico, Salinas Cove and Guanica Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimp- son, 1859) ; (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Martinique: F, Doflein (Doflein). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimpson, 1859). Pelican Island [off Barbados] : Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Colombia, Savanilla: (Benedict, 1901). Aruba: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Curasao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Material examined. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 3cr, 3? (1 ov). A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. Icf, 2$. Measurements. — Males, 2.9 to 6.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.8 to 3.9 mm ; ovigerous female, 4.6 mm. Remarks. — This species occurs in the littoral and to a depth of 25 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935). It has been found among rocks and associated with corals. Boone (1931) reported M. poeyi from the Pacific coast for the first time on the basis of a specimen collected at Isla Taboguilla, Pana- ma. Two specimens taken by Velero III at Bahia de Salinas, Costa Rica, and identified by S. A. Glassell, are identical with the Atlantic examples. PORCELLANOPSIS Rathbun, 1910 Key TO THE Western North Atlantic Species Lateral margins of carapace without spines; chelipeds, walking legs, and carapace naked or nearly so ; telson of abdomen with 7 plates rosea Lateral margins of carapace armed with spines; chelipeds, walking legs, and lateral margins of carapace hairy; telson of abdomen with 5 plates soriata Porcellanopsis rosea (Rathbun), n. comb. Porcellana rosea Rathbun, 1900, p. 148, pi. 8, fig. 3 (type locality, Mamanguape, Brazil). Previous records. — Brazil, Mamanguape and Pernambuco at Ilha de Nogueira: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun). NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 35 Material examined. — Santa Marta, Colombia; Jan 22, 1949; coll. I. Vigeland (Lund Uni- versity Chile Expedition). l$ov. A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. Icf, 1?. Measurements. — Male, 3.0 mm; non-ovigerous female, 3.3 mm; ovigerous female, 4.8 mm. Rathbun's type specimen was an ovigerous female 5.7 mm in length. Remarks. — The Brazilian specimens were collected on stone reefs, and the Velero III material from coral rock. Porcellanopsis rosea has not been previously reported from the north Atlantic. Comparison of the Caribbean material with one of Rathbun's Brazilian specimens showed them to be identical. Porcellanopsis soriata (Say) Porcellana soriata Say, 1818, p. 456 (type locality, St. Catherine's Is- land, Georgia). White, 1847, p. 64. Benedict, 1901, p. 137. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 404, pi. 29, fig. 6. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 294, pi. 4, fig. 1. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 90. Pearse, 1951, p. 143. Pisidia socia Leach, 1820, p. 55. Pisidia sociata Desmarest, 1825, p. 199. Porcellana sociata Gray, 1831, p. 15. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 258, footnote. Gibbes, 1850, p. 190; 1854, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 6. Stimp- son, 1858, p. 229; 1860, p. 444. Kingsley, 1878, p. 325; 1880, p. 407. Smith, 1887, p. 638. Porcellanopsis soriata Chace, 1942, p. 100. Previous records. — North Carolina, off Cape Hatteras, 16 fms: Albatross (Smith) ; Beau- fort: W. Stimpson and T. Gill (Stimpson, 1860) ; Fort Macon: O. W. Hyman (Hay and Shore) ; Bogue Bank near Fort Macon: (Hay and Shore) ; off New River Inlet: L. G. Williams (Pearse). South Caro- lina: (Gibbes, 1850). Georgia, St. Catharine's Island: (Say). Florida, Charlotte Harbor, 13 fms: Bache (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier); 24°44'N X 83°26'W [Gulf of Mexico], 37 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier) ; Florida Bay and Harbor Key: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880) ; Sombrero [Key] : Bache (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: (A. Milne Edwards and Bou- vier). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). 36 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Material examined. — A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 1?. Measurements. — The single female specimen in the collection meas- ured 4.0 mm in length. Remarks. — Porcellanopsis soriata has been taken from shore to 37 fathoms, free-living and associated with corals and sponges. According to Hay and Shore (1918), it is common in sponges dredged on the fishing banks near Fort Macon, North Carolina, as many as 30 speci- mens having been taken from a single sponge. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 37 LITERATURE CITED Andrews, E. A. 1911. Color diflferences in the sexes of a crab. Zool. Anz,, vol. 37, pp. 401- 403, text-figs. 1-2. BeNEDEN, p. J. VAN 1876. Animal parasites and messmates, (xxviii) 274 pp., text-figs. 1-83. New York. Benedict, J. E. 1892. Decapod Crustacea of Kingston Harbor. Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir., vol. 11, no. 97, p. 77. 1893. Notice of the crustaceans collected by the United States Scientific Expedition to the west coast of Africa. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 16, pp. 535-541. 1901. The anorauran collections made by the Fish Hawk Expedition to Porto Rico. Bui. U. S. Fish Comn., vol. 20 (for 1900), part 2, pp. 131-148, pis. 3-6. 1902. Descriptions of a new genus and fortj'-six new species of crustaceans of the family Galatheidae, with a list of the known marine species. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 26, pp. 243-334, text-figs. 1-47. Boone, Lee 1930. Scientific results of the cruises of the yachts "Eagle" and "Ara," 1921-1928, William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. Crustacea: Anomura, Macrura, Schizopoda, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Mysidacea, Cirripedia, and Copepoda. Bui. Vanderbilt Mar. Mus., vol. 3, pp. 1-221, pis. 1-83. 1931. A collection of anomuran and macruran Crustacea from the Bay of Panama and the fresh waters of the Canal Zone. Bui. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, vol. 63, pp. 137-189, text-figs. 1-23. 1932. The littoral crustacean fauna of the Galapagos Islands. Zoologica, vol. 14, pp. 1-62, text-figs. 1-19. BORRADAILE, L. A. 1898. On some crustaceans from the South Pacific. Part II. Macrura Anomala. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 457-468, pi. 36. Bosc, L. A. G. 1801 (or 1802). Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, contenant leur descrip- tion et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Vol. 1, 258 pp., pis. 1-8. Paris. 1830. Ibid., ed. 2, vol. 1, 328 pp., pis. 1-9. Paris. Cano, G. . . j 11 1889. Crostacei brachiuri ed anomuri raccolti nel viaggio della Vettor Pisani" intorno al globo. Bol. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, pp. 79- 105, 169-268, pi. 7, figs. 1-15. Chace, F. a., Jr. 1942. Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The anomuran Crustacea. I. Galatheidea. Torreia, no. 11, pp. 1-106, text-figs. 1-33. Dana, J. D. 1852. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. 13, Crustacea, part 1, (viii) 685 pp. Philadelphia. 1855. Ibid., vol. 14, Crustacea, Atlas, pp. 1-27, pis. 1-96. Philadelphia. 38 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Desmarest, a. G. 1825. Considerations generales sur la classe des Crustaces, et description des especes de ces animaux, qui vivent dans la mer, sur les cotes, ou dans les eaux douces de la France, &c. (xix) 446 pp., 56 pis. Paris & Strasbourg. DOFLEIN, F. 1899. Amerikanische Dekapoden der k. bayerischen Staatssammlungen. Sitzber. Math.-Phys. CI. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen, vol. 29, pp. 177-195. Enders, H. E. 1905. Notes on the commensals found in the tubes of Chaetopterus perga- mentaceus. Araer. Nat., vol. 39, pp. 37-40. Faxon, W. 1879. On some young stages in the development of Hippa, Porcellana, and Pinnixa. Bui. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard, vol. 5, pp. 253-268, pis. 1-5. 1895. Reports on an exploration oflF the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, . . by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross," during 1891. . . XV. The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool, Harvard, vol. 18, pp. 1-292, pis. A-K, 1-56. Garth, J. S, 1945. Geographical account and station records of Velero III in Atlantic waters in 1939, Allan Hancock Atlantic Exped. Rpt. No. 1, pp. 1-106, pis. 1-28. Gibbes, L. R. 1850. On the carcinological collections of the United States, and an enum- eration of species contained in them, with notes on the most remark- able, and descriptions of new species. Proc. Amer, Assoc, Adv. Sci., vol, 3, pp, 167-201. 1854. Description, with figures, of six species of Porcellana, inhabiting east- ern coast of North America. Proc, Elliott Soc, Nat, Hist,, vol, 1, pp. 6-13, pi, 1, figs, 1-6. Glassell, S. A. 1938. New and obscure decapod Crustacea from the west American coasts. Trans. San Diego Soc, Nat, Hist., vol, 8, pp, 411-453, pis. 27-36. 1945. Four new species of North American crabs of the genus Petrolisthes. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., vol, 35, pp, 223-229, text-figs, 1-4, Gray, J, E, 1831. Description of the species of Porcellana, in the collection of the British Museum. Zool. Misc., no. 1, pp. 14-16. Griffith, E. 1833. In G. L. C, F, D, Cuvier, The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, . , with supplementary additions to each order, by Edward Griffith, , , and others. Vol. 13, The classes Annelida, Crustacea, and Arachnida, 540 pp., 60 pis, London, Guerin-Meneville, F, E. 1855, In R, de la Sagra, Historia fisica, politica y natural de la isla de Cuba, Vol. 8, Atlas de Zoologia. Crustdceos, Aragnides e Insectos, pis. 1-20. Paris. 1857a. Ibid., Vol, 7, Crustaceos, Ardgnides e Insectos, (xxxii) 371 pp, Paris. 18,57b, In R, de la Sagra, Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de I'ile de Cuba, Animaux articules a pieds articules, (Ixxxvii) 868 pp. Atlas, pis, 1-20. Paris. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 39 GUNDLACH, J. 1887. Apuntes para la fauna Puerto-Riquefia. VI. Crustdceos. An. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat,, vol. 16, pp. 115-133. Haig, Janet 1955. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-49. 20. The Crustacea Anomura of Chile. Lunds Univ. Arsskr,, N. P., Avd. 2, Bd. 51, Nr. 12, pp. 1-68, text-figs. 1-13. Hay, W. p., and C. A. Shore 1918. The decapod crustaceans of Beaufort, N. C, and the surrounding region. Bui. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, pp. 371-475, pis. 25-39. Hedgpeth, J. W. 1950. Annotated list of certain marine invertebrates found on Texas jetties. In H. L. Whitten, Hilda F, Rosene, and J. W. Hedgpeth, The In- vertebrate fauna of Texas coast jetties; a preliminary survey. Pubs. Texas U. Inst. Mar. Sci., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 53-86, pi. 1, text-figs. 1-4. Heilprin, a. 1888. Contributions to the natural history of the Bermuda Islands. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 40, pp. 302-328, pis, 14-16, (Crust- acea, pp. 318-323.) Heller, C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandl, K. K. Zool,-Bot, Gesell, Wien, vol, 12, part 1, pp. 519-528, 1865, Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte 'Novarra' um die Erde, in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B, von Wiillerstorf-Urbair. Crustaceen. Zool. Theil, Bd, 2, Abt. 3, no. 1, 280 pp., pis, 1-25. Wien. Henderson, J, R, 1888, Report on the Anomura collected by H. M, S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, Rept, Zool. Challenger Exped., vol. 27, (xi) 221 pp., pis, 1-21, Hildebrand, H. H. 1954. A study of the fauna of the brown shrimp {Penaeus aztecus Ives) grounds in the western Gulf of Mexico, Pubs, Texas U. Inst. Mar. Sci,, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 233-366, text-figs, 1-7, HULT, J. 1938. Crustacea Decapoda from the Galapagos Islands collected by Mr. Rolf Blomberg, Arkiv for Zool., vol, 30A, no, 5, pp. 1-18, pi, 1, Ives, J. E. 1891, Crustacea from the northern coast of Yucatan, the harbor of Vera Cruz, the west coast of Florida and the Bermuda Islands, Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci, Philadelphia, vol. 43, pp. 176-207, pis. 5-6, Kingsley, J. S, 1878. List of decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast, whose range embraces Fort Macon. Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci, Philadelphia, vol. 30, pp. 316-330. 1880, On a collection of Crustacea from Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida, with a revision of the genera of Crangonidae and Palae- monidae, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci, Philadelphia, vol. 31, pp. 383-427, pi. 14. 40 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT Latreille, p. a. 1802 (or 1803), Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere, des Crustaces et des Insectes. Vol. 6, 391 pp. Paris. 1819. Porcellane. Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Hist. Nat., vol. 28, pp. 2-5. Leach, W. E. 1820. Galateadees. Dictionnaire des Sci. Nat., vol. 18, pp. 49-56. Martens, E. von 1872. Ueber Cubanische Crustacean nach den Sammlungen Dr. J. Gund- lach's. Arch. f. Naturgesch., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 77-147, pis. 4-5. Milne Edwards, A. 1880. Reports on the results of dredging. . . in the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Caribbean Sea, 1877, '78, '79, by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer "Blake". . . VIII. Etudes preliminaires sur les Crustaces. Bui. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard, vol. 8, pp. 1-68, pis, 1-2. Milne Edwards, A., and E. L. Bouvihr 1894. Considerations generales sur la famille des Galatheides. Ann. des Sci. Nat., ser. 7, vol. 16, pp. 191-327, text-figs. 1-36, 1897. Reports on the results of dredging. . . in the Gulf of Mexico (1877- 78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer "Blake". . . XXXV. Description des Crustaces de la famille des Galatheides recueillis pendant I'expedition. Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1-141, pis. 1-12. 1923. Reports on the results of dredging. . . in the Gulf of Mexico (1877- 78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer "Blake" . . . XLVII. Les Porcellanides et les Brachyures. Mem, Mus. Compar. Zool, Harvard, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 283-395, pis. 1-12. Milne Edwards, H. 1837. Histoire naturelle des Crustaces, comprenant I'anatomie, la physio- logie et la classification de ces animaux. Vol. 2, 532 pp. Atlas, pp. 1-32, pis. 1-42. Paris. Monod, T. 1939. Sur quelques Crustaces de la Guadeloupe (Mission P, Allorge, 1936), Bui, Mus, Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, vol. 11, pp. 557-568, text-figs. 1-11. Moreira, C. 1901. Crustaceos do Brazil. Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 11, pp. (v) 1-151, pis. 1-5. 1920. Faune carcinologique de I'ile de la Trindade. Bui. Soc. Zool. de France, vol. 45, pp. 125-132. Muller, F. 1862. Die Verwandlung der Porcellanen. Vorlaiifige Mittheilung. Arch. f. Naturgesch., vol. 28, part 1, pp. 194-199, pi. 7. 1863. On the transformations of the Porcellanae, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 11, pp. 47-50, pi, 1. (A translation by W. S. Dallas of the preceding article.) 1870. Bruchstiicke zur Naturgeschichte der Bopyriden. Jenaische Ztschr. f. Med. u. Naturw., vol. 6, pp. 53-73, pis. 3-4. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 41 Nob I LI, G. 1897. Decapodi e Stomatopodi raccolti dal Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien, a Curagao, La Guayra, Porto Cabello, Colon, Panama, ecc. Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Compar. Torino, vol. 12, no. 280, pp. 1-8. 1898. Crostacei Decapodi e Stomatopodi di St. Thomas (Antille). Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Compar. Torino, vol. 13, no. 314, pp. 1-3. 1901. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nella repubblica dell'Ecuador e regione vicine. XXIII. Decapodi e Stomatopodi. Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Compar. Torino, vol. 16, no. 415, pp. 1-58. Ortmann, a. 1892. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums. IV. Theil. Die Abtheilungen Galatheidea und Paguridea. Zool. Jahrb., System., vol. 6, pp. 241-326, pis. 11-12. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden. Ergebnisse der in dem Atlantischen Ocean. . , Plankton-Expedition der Humboldt-Stiftung, Bd. 2, G.b., pp. 1-120, pis. 1-10. Kiel & Leipzig. 1897. Carcinologische Studien. Zool. Jahrb., System., vol. 10, pp. 258-372, pi. 17. Pearse, A. S. 1913. On the habits of the crustaceans found in Chaetopterus tubes at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Biol. Bui., vol. 24, pp. 102-114, pi, 1, text-figs. 1-6. 1951. Animals of the Black Rocks. In A. S. Pearse and L. G, Williams, The biota of the reefs off the Carolinas. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., vol. 67, pp. 133-161, text-figs. 1-5. Pearse, A. S., H. J. Humm, and G. W. Wharton 1942. Ecology of sand beaches at Beaufort, N. C, Ecol. Monog., vol. 12, pp. 135-190, text-figs. 1-24. Rankin, W. M. 1898. The Northrop collection of Crustacea from the Bahamas. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 225-254, pis. 29-30. 1900. The Crustacea of the Bermuda Islands with notes on the collections made by the New York University Expeditions in 1897 and 1898. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, pp. 521-545, pi. 17. Rathbun, Mary J. 1899. Jamaica Crustacea. Jour. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 628-629. 1900. Results of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. I. 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Dierk., vol. 23, pp. 61-81, pi. 8, text-figs. 1-7. 42 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT 1924b. Report on the Macrura, Anomura and Stomatopoda collected by the Barbados-Antigua Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918. Univ. Iowa Studies in Nat. Hist., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 65-99, pis. 1-5. 1935. Crustacea Macrura and Anomura of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, vol. 15, part 2, pp. 125-227, text-figs. 1-80. New York. 1936. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Curagao und Aruba im Jahre 1930. No. 16. Macruran and anomuran Crustacea from Bonaire, Curasao and Aruba. Zool. Jahrb., System., vol. 67, pp. 363- 378, pis. 11-13. 1939. Decapod and other Crustacea collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938 (with introduction and station data), Smithson. Misc. Collect., vol, 98, no. 6, pp. 1-29, pis. 1-3. Smith, S. I. 1869. Notice of the Crustacea collected by Prof. C. F. Hartt on the coast of Brazil in 1867. Trans. 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Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expedi- tione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars VII. Crustacea Anomura. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, pp. 225-252. 1859. Notes on North American Crustacea, No. 1. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, pp. 49-93, pi. 1. 1860. A trip to Beaufort, North Carolina. Amer. Jour. Sci., vol. 29, ser. 2, pp. 442-445. 1871. Notes on North American Crustacea, in the museum of the Smith- sonian Institution. No. III. Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, pp. 92-136. Streets, T. H. 1872. Notice of some Crustacea from the island of St. Martin, W. I., collected by Dr. Van Rijgersma. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 24, pp. 131-134. Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osburn, and L. J. Cole 1913. A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Section III. A catalogue of the marine fauna of Woods Hole and vicinity. Bui. U, S. Bur, Fisheries, vol. 31 (for 1911), part 2, pp. 549-794. NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 43 Verrill, a. E. 1908a. Geographical distribution; origin of the Bermudian decapod fauna. Amer. Nat., vol. 42, pp. 289-296, text-figs, 1-7. 1908b. Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda; I, — Brachyura and Anomura. Their distribution, variations, and habits. Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, pp. 299-474, pis. 9-28, text-figs. 1-68. Wass, M. L. 1955. The decapod crustaceans of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of northwestern Florida. Quart. Jour. Florida Acad, Sci., vol. 18, pp. 129-176, text-figs. 1-13. (This paper was received too late for inclusion in the present study.) White, A. 1847. List of the specimens of Crustacea in the collection of the British Museum, (viii) 140 pp. London, Young, C. G. 1900. The stalk-eyed Crustacea of British Guiana, West Indies, and Bermuda, (xix) 514 pp., pis, 1-7, London. 44 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT PLATE 1 Pachycheles chacei, new species Fig. 1. Dorsal view of female holotype, x 73^ Fig. 2. Ventral view of major chela, x lYz Fig. 3. Ventral view of minor chela, x 14 Fig. 4. Propodus and dactyl of walking leg, x 22J4 Fig. 5. Telson of abdomen, x 7J/2 Fig. 6. Lateral wall of carapace, x 7J^ NO. 8 HAIG : THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA Plate 1 100% Rag